What is mitosis?

• A. The division of one cell into two genetically identical daughter cells
• B. Cell division that generates new cells for growth and repair
• C. The fusion of gametes to form a zygote
• D. DNA replication without division

Answer: (A)

Mitosis is the division of a single parent cell into two genetically identical daughter cells. After the cell’s DNA has been copied, the chromosomes are evenly separated into two new nuclei, and then the cytoplasm divides to form two distinct cells. This exact distribution of genetic material is what keeps the daughter cells genetically identical to the original cell, which is essential for growth and tissue repair.

Fertilization involves the joining of gametes to form a zygote, not a division event. DNA replication without division occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle and does not produce new daughter cells. A statement about growth and repair notes a purpose of cell division but does not define the process itself. The defining feature of mitosis is the production of two genetically identical daughter cells.